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We present a comprehensive analysis of alternative splicing across 32 TCGA cancer types of 8,705 patients. We detect alternative splicing events (ASE) and tumor variants by reanalyzing TCGA RNA and whole exome sequencing data. Many tumors have thousands of ASE not detectable in TCGA normal and GTEx samples. Overall, tumors have ≈30% more ASE than normal samples. Association analysis of somatic variants with ASE confirmed known trans-associations with variants in SF3B1 and U2AF1 and identified three additional trans-acting variants (IDH1, TADA1, PPP2R1A). On average, we identified ≈940 novel exon-exon junctions (“neojunctions”) in tumor samples not typically found in GTEx normal samples. From protein mass spectra available for TCGA breast and ovarian tumor samples, we confirmed on average ≈1.7 neojunction- and ≈0.6 SNV-derived peptides per tumor sample that are also predicted to be MHC-I binders (“putative neoantigens”). By considering neojunction- in addition to SNV-derived peptides, the fraction of samples for which at least one putative neoantigen can be identified increases from 30% to 75%. Tumor-specific splicing presents a large new class of splicing-associated potential neoantigens that may affect the immune response and could be exploited in immunotherapy, e.g., in personalized tumor vaccines.
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